by Felix Just, S.J., Ph.D.
Ch. 1 – Daniel & Companions at the Babylonian Court |
Ch. 7 – Vision of the Four Beasts |
Ch. 2 – Nebuchadnezzar’s First Dream: Great Statue |
Ch. 8 – Vision of a Ram and a Goat |
Ch. 3 – Three Companions in the Fiery Furnace |
Ch. 9 – Angel Gabriel and the Seventy Weeks |
Ch. 4 – Nebuchadnezzar’s Second Dream: Great Tree |
Ch. 10–12 – Historical Visions, Battles, the End |
Ch. 5 – Belshazzar’s Feast: Writing on the Wall |
Ch. 13 (Greek) – The Story of Susanna |
Ch. 6 – Daniel remains safe in the Lion’s Den |
Ch. 14 (Greek) – The Stories of Bel and the Dragon |
Statue in Dan 2:31-45 | Beasts of Dan 7:1-28 | Ram & Goat of Dan 8:1-25 | Empire |
vv. 32a, 37-38: head of gold |
vv. 4, 17: lion w/ eagle's wings |
-x- | Babylonians |
vv. 32b, 39a: chest & arms of silver |
vv. 5, 17: bear w/ three tusks |
vv. 3-4, 20: ram w/ two horns |
Medes |
vv. 32c, 39b: middle & thighs of bronze |
vv. 6, 17: leopard w/ 4 wings & 4 heads |
(same as above) | Persians |
vv. 33a, 40: legs of iron |
vv. 7, 17, 19, 23: terrifying beast w/ iron teeth |
vv. 5-7, 21: goat w/ one horn |
Greeks: Alexander the Great |
vv. 33b, 41-43: feet partly iron, partly clay |
vv. 20a, 24a: and with 10 horns |
vv. 8, 22: it breaks & becomes four horns |
Ptolemies & Seleucids |
-x- | vv. 8, 20b-21, 24b-25: another horn w/ arrogant mouth |
vv. 9-14a, 23-25d: another horn acts arrogantly |
Antiochus IV Epiphanes |
vv. 34-35, 44-45: stone that becomes mountain |
9-14, 18, 22, 26-27: Ancient One & Son of Man |
vv. 14b, 25e: (restoration implicit; not by human hands) |
[God restores Israel forever] |
Remember: Although their plot setting is during the Babylonian Exile (6th cent. BC), the stories actually come from the 3rd and early 2nd centuries BC, and the whole book was compiled ca. 167-164 BC.
BABYLON | MEDIA | PERSIA |
Nebuchadnezzar (605-562) | Cyaxares (625-585) |
Cyrus (550-530) defeats Astyages (550) captures Babylon (539) |
Amel-marduk (562-560) |
Astyages (585-550) (Darius the Mede?) |
|
Neriglissar (560-556) | ||
Nabonidus (556-539) | ||
Belshazzar (co-regent 549-539) | . | |
. | ||
Cambyses (530-522) | ||
Darius I Hystaspes (522-486) | ||
Xerxes I (486-465) | ||
Artaxerxes I (465-424) | ||
Xerxes II (423) | ||
Darius II (423-404) | ||
Artaxerxes II (404-358) | ||
Artaxerxes III (358-338) | ||
Arses (338-336) | ||
Darius III (336-331) |
332-323: King Alexander the Great leads the Greek armies invading the East, but he dies of a fever at age 33.323-321: General Perdiccas is appointed regent over the whole empire, but is soon assassinated.
321-281: The Wars of the Diadochi: Alexander's generals and their successors (Ptolemy, Antigonus, Cassander, Lysimachus, Antiochus, Seleucus, Laomedon, etc.) divide the empire into four parts, but fight each other for forty years to gain control of more territory; by 281 the two main rulers controlling the East are Seleucus & Ptolemy.
At first Palestine was controlled by the Ptolemies (320-198), but later by the Seleucids (198-141).
PTOLEMAIC DYNASTY (Egypt) | SELEUCID DYNASTY (Syria) |
Ptolemy I "Soter" (323-282; a.k.a. Ptolemy Lagi) | Seleucus I "Nicator" (312-281) |
Ptolemy II "Philadelphus" (282-246) | Antiochus I "Soter" (281-261) |
Antiochus II "Theos" (261-246) | |
Ptolemy III "Euergetes" (246-221) | Seleucus II "Callinicus" (246-226) |
Seleucus III "Soter" (226-223) | |
Ptolemy IV "Philopator" (221-204) | Antiochus III ("The Great") (223-187) |
Ptolemy V "Epiphanes" (204-180) | Seleucus IV "Philopator" (187-175) |
Ptolemy VI "Philometor" (180-145) Cleopatra I (180-176) Cleopatra II (170-164) |
Antiochus IV "Epiphanes" (175-164) |
Antiochus V "Eupator" (164-162) | |
Demetrius I "Soter" (162-150) | |
Ptolemy VII "Neos Philopator" (145-44) | Alexander Balas (150-145) |
Ptolemy VIII, "Euergetes II" (170-163; 144-116) | Demetrius II "Nicator" (145-139, 129-125) |
[Antiochus VI "Epiphanes Dionysus": 145-142] | |
Antiochus VII "Sidetes" (138-129) | |
116-30: more Ptolemies (IX-XV) and Cleopatras (III-VII) ruled until the Romans take over |
125-65: descendants of Demetrius II and Antiochus VII fight for control until the Romans take over |
[For more detail, see also my webpage on the Hellenistic Era Rulers.]
A selection from Daniel is used as the First Reading on only two Sundays in the three-year liturgical cycle:
First Reading | Sunday or Feast | Lect # - Year | Content |
Dan 7:13-14 | Christ the King (34th Sunday in Ord. Time) | 161-B | The Son of Man receives eternal kingship |
Dan 12:1-3 | 33rd Sunday in Ordinary Time | 158-B | Daniel's vision of the Resurrection |
A selection from Daniel is used as the First Reading on a few weekdays of Lent every year, and in the last week of Ordinary Time in odd-numbered years:
First Reading | Weekday | Lect # - Year | Content |
Dan 1:1-6, 8-20 | Ord. Time, Week 34, Mon | 503 - Year 1 | Four young Israelites at the royal court in Babylon |
Dan 2:31-45 | Ord. Time, Week 34, Tues | 504 - Year 1 | Daniel interprets King Nebuchadnezzar's dream of the statue |
Dan 3:14-20, 91-92, 95 | Lent, Week 5, Wed | 253 - Years 1&2 | Three young Israelites are kept safe in the fiery furnace |
Dan 3:25, 34-43 | Lent, Week 3, Tues | 238 - Years 1&2 | Part of the prayer of Azariah while in the fiery furnace |
Dan 5:1-6, 13-14, 16-17, 23-28 | Ord. Time, Week 34, Wed | 505 - Year 1 | Daniel interprets the writing on the wall during King Belshazzar's banquet |
Dan 6:12-28 | Ord. Time, Week 34, Thurs | 506 - Year 1 | Daniel survives the night after being thrown into the lions' den |
Dan 7:2-14 | Ord. Time, Week 34, Fri | 507 - Year 1 | Daniel's vision of the beasts and the Son of Man |
Dan 7:15-27 | Ord. Time, Week 34, Sat | 508 - Year 1 | The interpretation of Daniel's vision of the beasts |
Dan 9:4b-10 | Lent, Week 2, Mon | 230 - Years 1&2 | One of Daniel's prayers of petition and confession |
Dan 13:1-9, 15-17, 19-30, 33-62 (or 13:41c-62) |
Lent, Week 5, Mon | 251 - Years 1&2 | Daniel saves Suzanna from the wicked elders |
The Responsorial Psalm is usually taken from the Book of Psalms; but sometimes a Canticle from the Old Testament (or the New Testament) is used as the response to the First Reading at Mass.
Thus, a few verses from the long "Prayer of the Three Companions" (Daniel 3:52-90) are used as the Responsorial on only one Sunday and on a few weekdays of Ordinary Time in odd-numbered years:
Responsorial | Liturgical Day | Lect # - Year | Refrain |
Dan 3:52, 53, 54, 55 | Holy Trinity (Sunday after Pentecost) | 164 - Year A | "Glory and praise for ever!" |
Dan 3:52, 53, 54, 55, 56 | Ord. Time, Week 16, Thurs | 398 - Year1 | "Glory and praise for ever!" |
Dan 3:52, 53, 54, 55, 56 | Ord. Time, Week 34, Mon | 503 - Year1 | "Glory and praise for ever!" |
Dan 3:57, 58, 59, 60, 61 | Ord. Time, Week 34, Tues | 504 - Year1 | "Give glory and eternal praise to him." |
Dan 3:62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67 | Ord. Time, Week 34, Wed | 505 - Year1 | "Give glory and eternal praise to him." |
Dan 3:68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74 | Ord. Time, Week 34, Thurs | 506 - Year1 | "Give glory and eternal praise to him." |
Dan 3:75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81 | Ord. Time, Week 34, Fri | 507 - Year1 | "Give glory and eternal praise to him." |
Dan 3:82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87 | Ord. Time, Week 34, Sat | 508 - Year1 | "Give glory and eternal praise to him." |
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February 12, 2023
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